Advances in Emerging Therapies for Multiple Myeloma / 肿瘤防治研究

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with a typical course characterized by response to initial treatment and eventual resistance. Despite major advances in the clinical treatment of multiple myeloma driven by the introduction of new drugs (e.g., proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators), MM remains incurable. Nevertheless, subsequent cycles of remission and relapse continue as long as new treatments are available to patients. With the development of many new treatments, the approval of 12 new drugs over the past 15 years, and the promising trend of clinical trials, the treatment landscape has dramatically changed and patient survival has improved. This article reviews the progress of new treatments for MM.

Building on the backbone of CD47-based therapy in cancer: Combination strategies, mechanisms, and future perspectives

Described as a "don't eat me" signal, CD47 becomes a vital immune checkpoint in cancer. Its interaction with signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) prevents macrophage phagocytosis. In recent years, a growing body of evidences have unveiled that CD47-based combination therapy exhibits a superior anti-cancer effect. Latest clinical trials about CD47 have adopted the regimen of collaborating with other therapies or developing CD47-directed bispecific antibodies, indicating the combination strategy as a general trend of the future. In this review, clinical and preclinical cases about the current combination strategies targeting CD47 are collected, their underlying mechanisms of action are discussed, and ideas from future perspectives are shared.

Emerging immunological strategies: recent advances and future directions / 医学前沿

Immunotherapy plays a compelling role in cancer treatment and has already made remarkable progress. However, many patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors fail to achieve clinical benefits, and the response rates vary among tumor types. New approaches that promote anti-tumor immunity have recently been developed, such as small molecules, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell products, and cancer vaccines. Small molecule drugs include agonists and inhibitors that can reach the intracellular or extracellular targets of immune cells participating in innate or adaptive immune pathways. Bispecific antibodies, which bind two different antigens or one antigen with two different epitopes, are of great interest. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell products and cancer vaccines have also been investigated. This review explores the recent progress and challenges of different forms of immunotherapy agents and provides an insight into future immunotherapeutic strategies.

Immunogenicity of bispecific antibodies / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

The term bispecific antibody (bsAb) is used to describe antibodies that can recognize and bind two different antigens. Compared with the regular therapeutic antibodies, bsAbs have many advantages, such as higher sensitivity, better specificity, and are able to block multiple disease pathways simultaneously. So far, 3 bispecific antibodies have been marketed and nearly 100 are in clinical development all over the world, showing a broad development prospect. Immunogenicity of bispecific antibodies refers to the fact that the drugs will cause the immune response and produce anti-drug antibodies after entering the body, which may affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drugs. In this paper, the research progress on the immunogenicity of catumaxomab, blinatumomab and emicizumab was reviewed, with a view to providing reference for the safety, efficacy, and rational clinical application of bispecific antibodies.

Recent advances in the development of bispecific antibodies / 生物工程学报

Bispecific antibody (BsAbs) are antibodies (Abs) containing two different antigen-binding sites in one molecule. In the last decade, three BsAbs drugs have been approved for therapeutic use. Meanwhile there are a number of BsAbs in preclinical or clinical studies. In this review, we describe BsAb design, discovery, mechanism of action, and the recent research progress in developing BsAbs.

The target sites and structural characteristic of bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy / 医学研究生学报

Bispecific antibodies, that are the second generation of new type of antibodies with two specific antigens or epitopes binding sites, can combine with target cells and effector cells (or molecules) at the same time. The recent studies demonstrated that Bispecific antibodies possess the immense therapeutic potential for cancer, ASID and autoimmune diseases. In this review, the various targets and function, the underlying mechanisms, and the application progress of Bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy were discussed.

Research and development of innovative antibody-based drugs / 药学学报

With the development of antibody manufacturing technology and improvement in new drug research and development (R&D) capabilities in domestic industry, more and more innovative antibody-based drugs were registered at the Investigational New Drug (IND). This type of drugs could be divided into three categories:new sequence antibodies (biobetter or new target antibodies), bispecific antibodies (or antibody cocktails), and antibody drug conjugates. Comparing with biosimilar antibodies, the innovative antibodies R&D was characterized by some significant features including "innovation", "clinical phase-appropriate" and "progressing". The minimum requirements of Chemical, Manufacturing and Control (CMC) content for innovative antibodies were obviously different from biosimilar antibodies. Here, the recent progress of antibody engineering and IND date of innovative antibodies in domestic are summarized. The general regulatory requirement and special considerations for representative innovative antibodies were proposed. Some common problems concerning innovative antibodies R&D are discussed.

New immunotherapy strategies in breast cancer / 中国药理学通报

Breast cancer is the principal cause of death in malig-nancy women , usually treated with the combination of surgery , chemotherapy , radiotherapy and endocrinotherapy .With the de-velopment of cell biology , molecular biology , immunology, im-munotherapy becomes a new field of breast cancer treatment .In this review, we discuss new findings in breast cancer immuno-therapy , including recent successes with bispecific antibodies and immune checkpoint blockade .We also discuss therapeutic cancer vaccines and highlight several additional immunotherapy modalities in early stages of development .

Advances in anti-tumor therapy targeting the EGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases / 中国药理学通报

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases have close connection with the initiation, progression and progn osis of various malignancies. Recently, several approaches such as monoclonal an tibodies, bispecific antibodies, low molecular weight tyrosine kinase inhibitors and gene therapy targeting the EGFR family of receptors for anti-tumor therapy have been developed, some of which are currently undergoing clinical trials. Th ey are generally well tolerated, and have shown encouraging clinical efficacy in a variety of tumor types.